Is it possible to “tone” up your muscles?

Question

I hear a lot of people talking about going to the gym to "tone" up their muscles. What they usually do to improve their tone is to do relatively high reps with relatively low weights - say 30-50 reps with 30-50% max. These exercises are done without changing anything else about their diet or exercise routine. Does this sort of workout successfully tone specific muscles or a person's entire body?

Clarification: I'm using the word "tone" to mean "improving the shapeliness of existing muscle" rather than the scientific definition "muscle tension at rest".

Answer 1

Toning exercises are done to teach the body to more efficiently conserve it's resources (such as oxygen) and to build endurance. Doing that many reps with that light of weights is likely not achieving much of an effect at all. Your muscles are developed by use, and that easy of an exercise relates closer to cardio than to a true workout.

Simply put, there are two types of muscle tone: myogenic and neurogenic. The former refers to your muscle tone at rest; the latter refers to muscle tone that's expressed when muscular contractions occur.

Low(er) rep training increases the sensitivity of various motor units resulting in increased neurogenic tone. On the other hand, myogenic tone is correlated with the overall density of your muscles (specifically the contractile proteins myosin and actin) and is vastly improved by lifting heavier weights. (Source)

So, yes, you can do more reps with lighter weights to make your muscles look better in a relaxed state, and less reps with heavier weights to make them look better in a contracted state. As a general rule, I've always been told to use the maximum weight you can do 12 reps with for toning, and the maximum weight you can do 7 reps with for building. The same article I've quoted there also says:

"... utilizing light weights (anything above twelve reps in my book) while dieting will likely result in loss of muscle, which is the exact opposite of what you want to happen."

Answer 2

I don't have a source, but there is no such thing as "improving the shapeliness of existing muscle" - you are either adding, maintaining, or decreasing the amount of your muscle mass. You can't improve the appearance of your muscles without either adding muscle mass or decreasing fat percentage.

A lot of the discussion of "toning" seems to come out of a fear that some people have that after lifting just a few weights, they'll walk out of the gym looking like an Olympic-class bodybuilder, which is just completely ridiculous - it would be like thinking that a few golf lessons would turn you into Tiger Woods.

Answer 3

'Tone' is often misused when it comes to defining muscles. Here's what I have gathered from reading endlessly on the subject: you can only increase the size of your muscle cells, you cannot not increase the density (number of cells): this is set in stone and based on genetics. So changing your muscle size and body fat are only things you can do to alter the appearance of muscle. With that in mind, if you are weightlifting for solely cosmetic purposes then you are better off just doing a hypertrophy (10+ sets at 12 reps max once a week per muscle group) routine and cutting calories from your diet if you are fat.

But here's the thing:

During sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid in the muscle cell increases with no accompanying increase in muscular strength. During myofibrillar hypertrophy, actin and myosin contractile proteins increase in number and add to muscular strength as well as a small increase in the size of the muscle.

From Wikipedia: Muscle hypertropy.

Basically what it is saying is there are 2 ways to lift: the bodybuilding way or the strength training way.

Now for my real opinion on the matter: don't be the former type of lifter. It's shameful and a result of the Great Emasculation of the late 20th and early 21st Century. Anyone building mass or worried about 'toning' is what I call a "glamor-puss": these are the gym rats who do lots of bicep curls and bench press (and typically use steroids or HGH) yet completely ignore exercises like the clean and jerk, squat, or dead lift.

Get back to the basics. Do the compound man-ercises like squatting, dead lifts, and work up to doing clean and jerks/clean and presses. Also, if you aren't a fatty lifter (which is only slightly better than being a glamor-puss) work on handstand push ups and one armed chin ups/pull ups. Try never to do more than 6 reps or you are getting into the realm of useless muscle mass.

Think about this: the world record for clean and jerk for a guy weighing about 125 pounds in 369 pounds! Can you even dead lift that? Imagine that you are training for ninja warrior and not for getting on the cover of Men's Health (aka Mangina Monologues).

I too was once lost, but have since found my way and now I feel more like a true man than ever before.

Answer 4

'Toning' is a look you might achieve after weight loss (dieting + cardio). It causes your muscles to look more defined. It has nothing to do with weight lifting.

Training for endurance instead of strength is less likely to increase muscle size if that is your desired appearance.

Both are a good workout for your muscles and endurance weightlifting is a good complement to dieting and cardio for your overall health.

Answer 5

Quick answer is if you're body isn't fit to show your "tone" then you can tone until you're dead but you wont achieve anything visually unless you change your diet. This is where I'm at right now. I have cuts but I also have a layer of goo that prevents them from being well defined.

Case-in-point: body builders use diuretics to drain every last drop of water from their skin before a competition to expose as much of their "tone" or "cuts" as possible. As soon as they hydrate again, the toned look fades a bit but they are still toned underneath.

Your muscles can be toned even if you cant see it. The more weight you lose, the more your tone will become visible.