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I know that when I'm on a caloric surplus, I stimulate hypertrophy best if my training intensity lies somewhere between 6-12RM.
Now let's say I'm on a caloric deficit. What intensity is optimal for preventing my muscles from atrophying? Is it simply the same as above? Or should I (as hypertrophy is difficult/impossible anyway) rather train for strength (lower rep ranges) then?
I really think this would have to do more with diet than exercise.
I've heard that the best way to slow the muscle loss while cutting calories (don't believe there is a way to stop it) is to eat lean protein/or protein shake both right before and right after your workout. (NOTE: While you see a lot of people on the forums who drink protein shakes for no particular reasons, I believe this is one of the cases where supplementing with protein shakes makes sense).
The logic is simple; basically, by giving your body surplus protein when you're most likely to lose it you're going to decrease the amount of muscle mass you burn.
I'm not aware of any studies which confirm/contradict this though.
The only other thing I would say is keep in mind there is a physiological limit on how much protein your body can absorb and if you go over that limit your basically using up your kidneys for little to no benefit. May not matter now but dialysis doesn't look fun so you might as well do what you can to avoid it in your golden years.
You continue to train for your goals. The best way to curb muscle loss is to eat at a slight caloric deficit, as opposed to an extreme deficit. The more extreme the deficit, the more muscle your body will break down for energy. And since the idea of weight loss is generally to retain as much muscle as possible and shed as much fat as possible, slow and steady wins the race. Like anything fitness related, patience and persistence will reap the rewards.
I'm unaware of any evidence that the differing effects of training in various rep ranges changes due to caloric surplus or deficit. How much one is eating determines recovery and mass gain, but the body is still reacting (or trying to react) to the training stimulus in the same manner.
When I'm on a calorie deficit, I train at just barely submaximal intensity for strength:
This is because I recognize my ability to build muscle is limited, so I avoid the hypertrophic rep ranges entirely. I can do this because my goals are health, strength, and power. If my goal was muscle mass then I might disregard my calorie deficit, work in the 6-12 range, and recognize that my recovery ability is going to be strained.
Regardless of my goals, any cutting diet should be high in protein in order to minimize the negative effects of a caloric deficit. Protein is dense and satiating, which helps with coping with hunger, and high-protein diets have been shown to encourage the body to spare muscle.
