Scientific base for the construction of the army and special forces physical training plans

Question

Recently I took some interest in the military and various armed forces around the world. Ive read some books written by US Marines, SEAL and SAS members. I was very impressed by the training they recieved.

It actually made me wonder - what is the science behind those plans? They seem overly exhausting to me, not leaving enough rest time to allow for muscle regeneration and growth, but those programs still seem to produce, fit warriors. While I am aware that the Hell Week in the SEAL is mostly a psychological test and training, even the regular PT seems really hard, hundreds of pushups, pullups and crunches, and kilometers of running and marching each day.

Could someone make an analysis (or provide a link to one) of a chosen military training program and explain how and why it works so well? One can read about the training plans on various official sites and documents, but Im mainly interested in the more extreme end of the spectrum, like the SEALs physical training regimens.

Answer 1

I cannot provide a link to an official analysis of the training/instruction program of an elite military facility. What I can do is tell you of my own personal experience with it.

You mentioned the lack of regeneration and rest, and you are absolutely right. The idea behind the selection process is to completely maim you psychologically and put you to the test physically, so they can later build you back up as a soldier with the extremely intense memories binding you to your troop. Not only that, but you obviously become extremely attached to your military function. The whole notion of being part of the elite, having passed the selection process gives you a great deal of confidence, pride and trust in your comrades(since they proved themselves tough and resilient just like you). These are all positive features for a soldier, in fact, essential. These selection camps, be it hell week or boot camp, provide all the soldiers with an important common ground, a common achievement if you will. The feeling that unites us soldiers is very strong, and only this ensures a loyal and functioning team, especially under extremely unfavorable circumstances.

Which brings me to a second important aspect. The lack of regeneration is almost mandatory, because these selection programs must simulate intense ongoing stress that a soldier will face in combat. That is why they screw with your mind and play silly games, to make you feel like a tiny little piece of useless stinking garbage. They just want to see how far they can push you, and check your reaction. Sleep deprivation, hunger, cold, fear and constant physical and mental stress is the best way to achieve this.

Bottom line: These methods do not aim to get the best out of your body, they just filter out those men that can take it and not break. Some just do not cope with little sleep. Others get all kind's of physical problems when they work in the cold, don't eat much or cannot warm up properly. Just like not all knees and backs are made to carry around a 50 kg combat pack, and under circumstances, also a wounded comrade on a bar.

My physique has completely changed after 6 months of basic training. I don't have the same peak performance regarding condition (running), long jump, or short distance sprints. The difference is I can do those things under all circumstances. If you don't get injured joints or whatever, you become extremely tough and resistant, but not really a super-athlete. In military terms, soldiers like to compare themselves to machines. Always working, never tired. So their training regimen does work extremely well, depending on what you set out to become: Athlete or Soldier?

Answer 2

Although I cannot fully answer this question with specific scientific evidence, I can provide input that supports the assumptions of the original question. The original author assumes there is a scientific basis for the physical fitness programs used by the elite fighting units of the United States' military. At least one response called this assumption into question. But this assumption is accurate. Years ago, while at one of the Federal military academies, I can tell you that I saw the countless studies and research that contributed to the a) academies' physical training programs, b) the wider military services' physical training programs, and c) the military's special units' training programs. The military academies and each service had (have?) a small Army (pun-intended) of doctors, dieticians, and health-experts who are paid with your taxpayer dollars to study, research, and implement the programs, but to be fair they are only periodically (think: every few years) updated. But I'm failing to answer the original question here because I no longer have (nor can remember) the specific documents and research I saw, nor the names of the doctors and health-experts from years gone by. I can, however, recommend an Internet search for the various military services' chief medical offices/officers and their web-portals (probably at the Pentagon or St. Louis) and someone there might be able to put you in touch with the right people. I, for one, went through the Ranger training program (and it was hell). As others have noted, it was as much mental as physical. From both personal experience and observation of the science years ago, taxpayers can hopefully sleep just slightly better knowing that, yes, their military uses some type of science, research, and professional process to create the military's physical fitness programs.